- scientific study of behavuir and mental processes
- behavior - anything that you do that can be observed
- mental processes - internal experiences such as : thoughts, feelings, sensations and perceptions
- systematic study - systematic collection and examination of data (empirical evidence) to support or disapprove hypotheses (predictions) rather than depending on common sense
- can be traced back 2000 years ago to early philosophers, biologists, and physiologist of ancient Greece
- Hippocrates: Greek physiologist that thought the mind or soul resided in the brain; believed that it was not composed of physical substance; called mind-body-dualism (seeing mind and body as two different things that interact)
- Plato (350BC): Greek philosopher that believed that who we are and what we know are innate (inborn)
- Aristotle: Plato's student, believed that who we are and what we know are acquired from experience
- monism - seeing mind and body as different aspects of the same thing
- John Locke: believed that knowledge comes from observations and what we know comes from experiences
- tabula rasa - blank slates
- "The mind is like a blank slate in which the environment writes upon."
- Rene Descartes: believed that what we know is innate; "I think therefore I am."
-"Men are born, not made."
- Nurture: anything that we know, we have learned through experiences
- Wilhelm Wundt - 1879, University of Leipzig
- established first psychology lab
- introspection (look inward)
- Edward Titchener
-Wundt, Titchener, Hall (founder and first president of APA)
- uses introspection to explore the structural elements of the mind
Functionalism:
- a reaction to structuralism
- sought to explain how our mental and behavioral processes function
- focused on purpose of behavior
- William James
conscious - things we are aware of
preconscious - things we are aware of if we think of them
unconscious - deep hidden reservoir that holds true "us"; all desires
id - exists entirely in the unconscious (not aware); hidden animalistic nature
ego - develops after the id; personality
superego - difference between right and wrong; our conscience, bot real but ideal; seek perfection, judges actions based on positive feelings or guilt
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