- "harmful dysfunction" in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable
- Medical Perspective - psychological disorders are sicknesses and can be diagnosed, treated and cured
- Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective: assumed biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combined to interact causing psychological disorders
- DSM-IV: Diagnostic Statistical Manual
- psychotic disorders: person loses contact with reality, experiences distorted perceptions
- Anxiety Disorder: patient fears something will happen to them; state of intense apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear
- Phobia: person experiences sudden episode of intense dread; irrational fear
- Generalized Anxiety Order (GAD): person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of automatic nervous system arousal; constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, oversensitive, can't concentrate, and suffers from insomnia
- Panic Disorder: marked by a minute-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking and other frightening sensations
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action
- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): flashbacks or nightmares following a person's involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event; memories of the event cause anxiety
- Somatoform Disorder: occurs when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom
- Hypochondriasis: frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause; believe that minor issues (headache, upset stomach) are indicative are more severe illnesses
- Conversion Disorder: report existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason; ex: blindness and paralysis
- Dissociative Disorder: involve a disruption in the conscious process
2. Dissociative Fugue: people with psychogenic amnesia find themselves in an unfamiliar environment
3. Dissociative Identity Disorder: aka Multiple Personality Disorder; person has several rather than one integrated personality; people with DID commonly have a history of a childhood abuse or trauma
- Mood Disorders: experience extreme or inappropriate emotion
- Seasonal Affective Disorder: experience depression during winter month; based not on temperature, but on amount of sunlight; treated with light therapy
- Bipolar Disorder: aka maniac depression; involves periods of depression and maniac episodes; involves feelings of high energy
- Personality Disorders: well-established, maladaptive ways of behaving that negatively affect people's ability to function; dominates personality
- Antisocial Personality Disorder: lack of empathy; little regard for other's feelings; view the world as hostile and look out for themselves
- Dependent Personality Disorder: rely too much on the attention and help of others
- Histrionic Personality Disorder: needs to be the center of attention
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder: having an unwarranted sense of self-importance; thinking you are the center of the universe
- Schizophrenic Disorders - 1 in every 100 people; disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions/actions
-delusions: false belief, delusions of persecution (someone is chasing you), delusion of grandeur
- disturbed perceptions: hallucinations - sensory experiences without sensory stimulation
- inappropriate emotions and actions: laughing at inappropriate times, flat effect, senseless, compulsive acts, catatonia - motionless
- Positive v.s. Negative Symptoms: 1. hallucinations 2. disorganized 3. diluted in speaking 4. inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage ; 1. toneless voice 2. expressionless 3. mute 4. very rigid body
- Disorganized Schizophrenia - disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion; "imagine the worst"
- Paranoid Schizophrenia - preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, "someone is out to get me"
- Catatonic Schizophrenia - parrot like repeating of another's speech and movements
- Undifferentiated Schizophrenia - many and varied symptoms
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